Papaver dubium
Ecology
An annual found principally in arable fields, where it can occur on both light and heavy calcareous soils. It is also found on waste ground by roadsides and railways, and in gardens. The seed is very long-lived. Lowland, but with one record at 425 m in Atholl (E. Perth).
Status
Trends
P. dubium was mapped as `all records` in the 1962 Atlas. It has declined locally as a result of agricultural intensification, but its overall distribution is stable. Subsp. dubium and subsp. lecoqii are mapped separately.
World Distribution
As an archaeophyte P. dubium has a Eurosiberian Southern-temperate distribution; it is widely naturalised outside this range.
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Broad Habitats
Light (Ellenberg): 7
Moisture (Ellenberg): 5
Reaction (Ellenberg): 6
Nitrogen (Ellenberg): 5
Salt Tolerance (Ellenberg): 0
January Mean Temperature (Celsius): 3.7
July Mean Temperature (Celsius): 15
Annual Precipitation (mm): 910
Height (cm): 60
Perennation - primary
Life Form - primary
Woodiness
Clonality - primary
Count of 10km squares in Great Britain: 1875
Count of 10km squares in Ireland: 402
Count of 10km squares in the Channel Isles: 13
Atlas Change Index: 0.23
Weighted Changed Factor: 24
Weighted Change Factor Confidence (90%)
JNCC Designations
Atlas text references
Atlas (28d)
Jalas & Suominen (1991)
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1986. Atlas of north European vascular plants north of the Tropic of Cancer. 3 vols.
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1989. A revision of Papaver L. section Rhoeadium Spach. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 45:225-286.
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1964. Biological Flora of the British Isles. No. 99. Papaver rhoeas L. (pp. 767-779), Papaver dubium L. (pp. 780-783), Papaver lecoqii Lamotte (pp. 783-786), Papaver argemone L. (pp. 786-789), Papaver hybridum L. (pp. 789-793). Journal of Ecology. 52:767-793.
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1984. Seed survival and periodicity of seedling emergence in four weedy species of Papaver. Weed Research. 24:195-200.
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1990. The ecology and conservation of rare arable weed species and communities.