Symphytum tuberosum
Ecology
The native habitats of this perennial herb are damp woodland, ditches, stream and river banks, where it occurs in both shaded and open situations. As an alien, it occurs on roadside verges, waste ground and other disturbed sites. Generally lowland, but reaching 335 m in Mid Perth.
Status
Trends
This species has long been considered introduced to Ireland, Wales and most of England. In Scotland too its native status is sometimes questioned, partly in view of its late discovery (1777), and the limit of any native range has been obscured by escapes. There is no significant change in its presumed native distribution since the 1962 Atlas, though alien records are much more frequent in England.
World Distribution
European Temperate element.
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Broad Habitats
Light (Ellenberg): 6
Moisture (Ellenberg): 6
Reaction (Ellenberg): 6
Nitrogen (Ellenberg): 6
Salt Tolerance (Ellenberg): 0
January Mean Temperature (Celsius): 2.5
July Mean Temperature (Celsius): 13.5
Annual Precipitation (mm): 1047
Height (cm): 55
Perennation - primary
Life Form - primary
Woodiness
Clonality - primary
Count of 10km squares in Great Britain: 407
Count of 10km squares in Ireland: 0
Count of 10km squares in the Channel Isles: 0
Atlas Change Index: 0.11
Weighted Changed Factor: 18
Weighted Change Factor Confidence (90%)
JNCC Designations
Atlas text references
Atlas (212b)
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1978. Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. Volume 2. 2 vols.